NO. 51 OF 1996: ELECTORAL COMMISSION ACT, 1996
PRESIDENT'S OFFICE
No. 1602.
4 October 1996
NO. 51 OF 1996: ELECTORAL COMMISSION ACT, 1996
It is hereby notified that the President has assented to the following Act
which is hereby published for general information:-
ACT
To make provision for the establishment and composition of an Electoral
Commission to manage elections for national, provincial and local legislative
bodies and referenda; and to make provision for the establishment and composi-
tion and the powers, duties and functions of an Electoral Court; and to
provide for matters in connection therewith.
(Afrikaans text signed by the President.)
(Assented to 27 September 1996.)
BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as
follows:-
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
CHAPTER 1 Interpretation and Application of Act
Definitions 1
Application of Act 2
CHAPTER 2 Electoral Commission
Establishment of Commission 3
Objects of Commission 4
Powers, duties and functions of Commission 5
Composition of Commission and appointment of
commissioners 6
Terms of office, conditions of service, removal from
office and suspension of commissioners 7
Chairperson of Commission 8
Conduct of commissioners 9
Disclosure of conflicting interests 10
Meetings of Commission 11
CHAPTER 3 Administration, Staff and Accountability of Commission
Administration and staff of Commission 12
Finances and auditing 13
Reports by Commission 14
CHAPTER 4 Registration of Parties
Registration of parties 15
Prohibition on registration of party under certain
circumstances 16
Cancellation of registration of registered party 17
CHAPTER 5 Electoral Court
Establishment of Electoral Court 18
Composition of Electoral Court 19
Powers, duties and functions of Electoral Court 20
CHAPTER 6 General provisions
Offences and penalties 21
Legal proceedings against Commission 22
Regulations 23
Repeal of laws, legal succession and transitional
provision 24
Short title and commencement 25
CHAPTER 1
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF ACT
Definitions
1. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates-
(i) "chairperson" means the chairperson designated in terms of section
8(1); (x)
(ii) "chief electoral officer" means the chief electoral officer appointed
in terms of section 12(1); (iii)
(iii) "Commission" means the Electoral Commission established by section
3(1); (iv)
(iv) "election" means any election for a national, provincial or local
legislative body in terms of any law; (viii)
(v) "Electoral Court" means the Electoral Court established by section 18;
(ix)
(vi) "party" means any registered party, and includes any organisation or
movement of a political nature which publicly supports or opposes the
policy, candidates or cause of any registered party, or which
propagates non-participation in any election; (v)
(vii) "political office" means any executive appointment or elected office,
including any elected or nominated public representative of a party,
whether involving remuneration or not, or any other paid office, in
the service of a party; (vi)
(viii) "prescribe" means prescribe by regulation; (xi)
(ix) "registered party" means any party registered in terms of section 15;
(i)
(x) "regulation" means a regulation made under section 23; (vii) and
(xi) "this Act" includes the regulations. (ii)
(2) For the purposes of this Act, unless clearly inconsistent with the
context, any reference therein to an election, shall be construed as to
include a referendum declared by the President under section 2(2).
Application of Act
2. (1) This Act applies in respect of any election for national, provincial
and local legislative bodies, and any referendum referred to in subsection
(2).
(2) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other law contained,
the President may, after consultation with the Commission, by proclamation in
the Gazette-
(a) declare that a referendum shall be held in order to ascertain the views
of voters on a matter specified in the proclamation;
(b) determine that the referendum shall be held in the Republic, or in a
part of the Republic specified in the proclamation, on a day or
consecutive days and, subject to this Act, during the hours so
specified;
(c) determine who shall be entitled, in accordance with this Act, to vote
at the referendum; and
(d) determine what question or questions to ascertain the views of voters,
must appear on the ballot paper.
CHAPTER 2
ELECTORAL COMMISSION
Establishment of Commission
3. (1) There is an Electoral Commission for the Republic, which is
independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law.
(2) The Commission shall be impartial and shall exercise its powers and
perform its functions without fear, favour or prejudice.
Objects of Commission
4. The objects of the Commission are to strengthen constitutional democracy
and promote democratic electoral processes.
Powers, duties and functions of Commission
5. (1) The functions of the Commission include to-
(a) manage any election;
(b) ensure that any election is free and fair;
(c) promote conditions conducive to free and fair elections;
(d) promote knowledge of sound and democratic electoral processes;
(e) compile and maintain voters' rolls by means of a system of registering
of eligible voters by utilising data available from government sources
and
(f) information furnished by voters; compile and maintain a register of
par-ties;
(g) establish and maintain liaison and co-operation with parties;
(h) undertake and promote research into electoral matters;
(i) develop and promote the development of electoral expertise and
technology in all spheres of government;
(j) continuously review electoral legislation and proposed electoral
legislation, and to make recommendations in connection therewith;
(k) promote voter education;
(l) promote co-operation with and between persons, institutions,
governments and administrations for the achievement of its objects;
(m) demarcate wards in the local sphere of government or to cause them to
be demarcated;
(n) declare the results of elections for national, provincial and municipal
legislative bodies within seven days after such elections;
(o) adjudicate disputes which may arise from the organisation,
administration or conducting of elections and which are of an
administrative nature; and
(p) appoint appropriate public administrations in any sphere of government
to conduct elections when necessary.
(2) The Commission shall, for the purposes of the achievement of its
objects and the performance of its functions-
(a) acquire the necessary staff, whether by employment, secondment,
appointment on contract or otherwise;
(b) establish and maintain the necessary facilities for collecting and
disseminating information regarding electoral matters;
(c) co-operate with educational or other bodies or institutions with a view
to the provision of instruction to or the training of persons in
electoral and related matters; and
(d) generally, perform any act that is necessary for or conducive to that.
Composition of Commission and appointment of commissioners
6. (1) The Commission shall consist of five members, one of whom shall be a
judge, appointed by the President in accordance with the provisions of this
section.
(2) No person shall be appointed as a member of the Commission unless he or
she-
(a) is a South African citizen;
(b) does not at that stage have a high party-political profile;
(c) has been recommended by the National Assembly by a resolution adopted
by a majority of the members of that Assembly; and
(d) has been nominated by a committee of the National Assembly,
proportionally composed of members of all parties represented in that
Assembly, from a list of recommended candidates submitted to the
committee by the panel referred to in subsection (3).
(3) The panel shall, subject to subsection (6), consist of-
(a) the President of the Constitutional Court, as chairperson;
(b) a representative of the Human Rights Commission established by section
115(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act
No. 200 of 1993);
(c) a representative of the Commission on Gender Equality established by
section 119(1) of the said Constitution; and
(d) the Public Protector established by section 110(1) of the said
Constitution.
(4) The panel shall submit a list of no fewer than eight recommended
candidates to the committee of the National Assembly referred to in subsection
(2)(d).
(5) The panel shall act in accordance with the principles of transparency
and openness and make its recommendations with due regard to a person's
suitability, qualifications and experience.
(6) If any person referred to in subsection (3)(b) to (d) should for any
reason not be available to serve on the panel, the chairperson shall, after
consultation with the remaining members of the panel, designate any other
person as a member of the panel.
Terms of office, conditions of service, removal from office and suspension
of commissioners
7. (1) The term of office of a member of the Commission is seven years
unless he or she resigns or dies at an earlier date, or is removed from office
in terms of subsection (3).
(2) The conditions of service, remuneration, allowances and other benefits
of commissioners shall from time to time be determined by the President after
consultation with the Commission on Remuneration of Representatives
established by section 2 of the Commission on the Remuneration of
Representatives Act, 1994 (Act No. 37 of 1994), and a distinction may be made
between commissioners appointed in a full-time and part-time capacity.
(3) A commissioner may-
(a) only be removed from office by the President-
(i) on the grounds of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence;
(ii) after a finding to that effect by a committee of the National
Assembly upon the recommendation of the Electoral Court; and
(iii) the adoption by a majority of the members of that Assembly of a
resolution, calling for that commissioner's removal from office;
(b) be suspended from office by the President at any time after the start
of the proceedings of the committee contemplated in paragraph (a)(ii);
(c) be reappointed, but only for one further term of office.
Chairperson of Commission
8. (1) The President shall designate a chairperson and vice-chairperson
from among the members of the Commission.
(2) In the absence of both the chairperson and vice-chairperson, the
remaining members shall elect an acting chairperson from their number.
Conduct of commissioners
9. (1) Every member of the Commission shall-
(a) serve impartially and independently and perform his or her functions as
such in good faith and without fear, favour or prejudice;
(b) if appointed in a full-time capacity, serve as such to the exclusion of
any other duty or obligation arising out of any other employment or
occupation or the holding of any other office, unless specifically
authorised thereto by the President.
(2) No member of the Commission-
(a) shall during his or her term of office be eligible for appointment or
nomination to any political office;
(b) may, whether directly or indirectly, in any manner give support to, or
oppose, any party or candidate participating in an election, or any of
the issues in contention between parties or candidates;
(c) may, by his or her membership, association, statement, conduct or in
any other manner place in jeopardy his or her perceived independence, or
in any other manner harm the credibility, impartiality, independence or
integrity of the Commission;
(d) may make private use of or profit from any confidential information
gained as a result of his or her appointment and functions as such
member;
(e) may divulge any such information to any third party save in the course
and scope of his or her official functions;
(f) shall during his or her term of office be eligible to serve as a
member of Parliament, a provincial legislature or a local government
body, and such ineligibility shall continue for a period of 18 months
reckoned from the date upon which such term of office has terminated.
Disclosure of conflicting interests
10. (1) Subject to subsection (2), a member may not at any meeting of the
Commission during the discussion of any matter before such meeting in respect
of which he or she has any financial or other interest which might preclude
him or her from performing his or her functions in a fair, impartial and
proper manner-
(a) be present;
(b) cast a vote; or
(c) in any other manner participate in the proceedings thereof.
(2) If at any stage during the course of any proceedings before the
Commission it appears that any member has or may have an interest which may
cause such a conflict of interests to arise on his or her part-
(a) such member shall forthwith and fully disclose the nature of his or her
interest and leave the meeting so as to enable the remaining members to
discuss the matter and determine whether such member is precluded from
participating in such meeting by reason of a conflict of interests; and
(b) such disclosure and the decision taken by the remaining members
regarding such determination, shall be recorded in the minutes of the
meeting.
(3) If any member fails to disclose any interest as required by subsection
(2) or, subject to that subsection, is present at a meeting of the Commission
or in any manner whatsoever participates in the proceedings of the Commission
in relation to such matter, such proceedings may be reviewed and varied or set
aside by the Commission.
Meetings of Commission
11. (1) The Commission may meet at any place in the Republic determined by
the chairperson for the purpose of performing its functions.
(2) Meetings may be convened at any time by the chairperson at such
intervals as circumstances may require and he or she shall convene a special
meeting when requested to do so by any two other members of the Commission.
(3) A quorum for a meeting of the Commission is the majority of the total
number of the members.
(4) A decision by the majority of the members present at a meeting of the
Commission is a decision of the Commission.
(5) The Commission may determine its own procedures to be followed at its
meetings.
CHAPTER 3
ADMINISTRATION, STAFF AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF COMMISSION
Administration and staff of Commission
12. (1) As soon as possible after the composition of the Commission and
whenever necessary thereafter, the Commission shall appoint a suitably
qualified and experienced person as chief electoral officer.
(2) The chief electoral officer-
(a) shall be the head of the administration of the Commission;
(b) shall be the accounting officer of the Commission for the purposes of
the Exchequer Act, 1975 (Act No. 66 of 1975), and shall cause the
necessary accounting and other related records to be kept; and
(c) may exercise all such powers and shall perform all such duties and
functions as may be entrusted or assigned to him or her by the
Commission or this Act or any other law.
(3) Whenever the chief electoral officer is for any reason absent or unable
to perform his or her functions, or whenever a vacancy in the office of chief
electoral officer occurs, the Commission may designate a member of its staff
to act in that capacity until the chief electoral officer resumes his or her
functions, or a chief electoral officer is appointed in terms of subsection
(1), and that member has, while so acting, such powers and shall perform such
functions of the chief electoral officer as may be delegated or assigned to
him or her by the Commission.
(4) The chief electoral officer shall in consultation with the Commission
appoint such officers and employees of the Commission as he or she may
consider necessary to enable the Commission to exercise its powers and to
perform its duties and functions effectively.
(5) The conditions of service, remuneration, allowances, subsidies and
other benefits of the chief electoral officer, an acting chief electoral
officer and the other administrative staff of the Commission shall be
prescribed by the Commission.
(6) Notwithstanding the provisions of the Government Employees Pension Law,
1996 (Proclamation No. 21 of 1996)-
(a) any person appointed in terms of this section who, immediately before
the date of such appointment was a member of the Government Employees
Pension Fund referred to in section 2 of that Law, may remain such
member notwithstanding such appointment; and
(b) any person so appointed who is not a member of the said fund may become
a member of that fund as from the date of such appointment and, if
applicable, shall contribute thereto.
Finances and auditing
13. (1) The expenditure in connection with the exercise of the
Commission's powers and the performance of its duties and functions shall be
defrayed out of money appropriated by Parliament for that purpose or received
by the Commission from any other source.
(2) The Commission shall budget for the necessary resources or additional
resources to enable it to exercise its powers and perform its duties and
functions effectively.
(3) The records referred to in section 12(2)(b) shall be audited by the
Auditor-General in terms of the Auditor-General Act, 1995 (Act No. 12 of
1995).
Reports by Commission
14. (1) The Commission shall annually, as soon as possible after the end
of each financial year, submit to the National Assembly an audited report of
all money received from other sources as contemplated in section 13(1), as
well as the audited statement on income and expenditure and a report in regard
to the functions, activities and affairs of the Commission in respect of such
financial year.
(2) The Commission shall furnish the President with such information and
particulars as he or she may from time to time in writing require in
connection with the activities of the Commission.
(3) The Commission shall as soon as possible after the end of an election
publish a report thereon.
(4) The Commission may, if it deems it necessary, publish a report on the
likelihood or otherwise that it will be able to ensure that any pending
election will be free and fair.
CHAPTER 4
REGISTRATION OF PARTIES
Registration of parties
15. (1) The chief electoral officer shall, upon application by a party in
the prescribed form, register such party in accordance with this Chapter.
(2) The form shall, inter alia, make provision for the following:
(a) The name of the party;
(b) the distinguishing mark or symbol of the party in colour;
(c) the abbreviation, if any, of the name of the party consisting of not
more than eight letters; and
(d) the constitution of the party.
(3) No party not represented in Parliament, a provincial legislature or a
local government body may be so registered unless the application is
accompanied by-
(a) that party's deed of foundation which has been adopted at a meeting of,
and has been signed by, the prescribed number of persons who are
qualified voters;
(b) the prescribed amount, if any; and
(c) proof of publication in the Gazette of the prescribed notice of the
application.
(4) The party's deed of foundation shall contain the prescribed
particulars.
(5) After a party has been registered the chief electoral officer shall
issue that party with a registration certificate in the prescribed form and
publish the prescribed particulars of such registration in the Gazette.
(6) Every registered party not represented in a legislative body shall
annually renew its registration in the prescribed manner and at the prescribed
time.
Prohibition on registration of party under certain circumstances
16. (1) The chief electoral officer may not register a party in terms of
section 15, if-
(a) a proposed name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol men-
tioned in the application-
(i) resembles the name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol,
as the case may be, of any other registered party to such extent
that it may deceive or confuse voters ; or
(ii) contains anything which portrays the propagation or incitement
of violence or hatred or which may cause serious offence to any
section of the population on the grounds of race, gender, sex,
ethnic origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability,
religion, conscience, belief, culture or language.
(2) Any party which is aggrieved by a decision of the chief electoral
officer to register or not to register a party, may within 30 days after the
party has been notified of the decision, appeal against the decision to the
Commission in the prescribed manner.
(3) The Commission shall in the case of such an appeal enquire into or
consider the matter and may, subject to subsection (4), confirm or set aside
the decision of the chief electoral officer.
(4) In considering such an appeal against the refusal to register a party
in terms of subsection (1)(a)(i) the Commission-
(a) shall take into account the fact that the party which is associated
with the name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol, as the
case may be, for the longest period, should prima facie be entitled
thereto;
(b) may, for the purposes of paragraph (a)-
(i) afford the parties concerned an opportunity to offer such proof,
including oral evidence or sworn or affirmed statements by any
person which, in the opinion of the Commission, could be of
assistance in the expeditious determination of the matter; and
(ii) administer an oath or affirmation to any person appearing to testify
orally before it.
Cancellation of registration of party
17. The Commission may direct the chief electoral officer to cancel the
registration of a party if-
(a) the Commission, after due notice in writing to that party and an
inquiry into the matter, is satisfied that the party no longer functions
or has no intention to participate in an election; or
(b) the Commission is notified by that party in the prescribed manner that
the party has dissolved or is intending to dissolve on a specified date.
CHAPTER 5
ELECTORAL COURT
Establishment of Electoral Court
18. There is an Electoral Court for the Republic, with the status of the
Supreme Court.
Composition of Electoral Court
19. (1) The Electoral Court shall consist of the following members
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service
Commission:
(a) A chairperson, who is a judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme
Court, and two other judges of the Supreme Court; and
(b) two other members who are South African citizens.
(2) The terms of office of the members of the Electoral Court, their
conditions of service, remuneration, leave and other benefits, shall be
determined by the President.
Powers, duties and functions of Electoral Court
20. (1) (a) The Electoral Court may review any decision of the Commission
relating to an electoral matter.
(b) Any such review shall be conducted on an urgent basis and be disposed of
as expeditiously as possible.
(2) (a) The Electoral Court may hear and determine an appeal against any
decision of the Commission only in so far as such decision relates to the
interpretation of any law or any other matter for which an appeal is provided
by law.
(b) No such appeal may be heard save with the prior leave of the
chairperson of the Electoral Court granted on application within the period
and in the manner determined by that Court.
(c) Such an appeal shall be heard, considered and summarily determined upon
written submissions submitted within three days after leave to appeal was
granted in terms of paragraph (b).
(3) The Electoral Court may determine its own practice and procedures and
make its own rules.
(4) The Electoral Court shall-
(a) make rules in terms of which electoral disputes and complaints about
infringements of the Electoral Code of Conduct as defined in section I
of the Electoral Act, 1993 (Act No. 202 of 1993), and appeals against
decisions thereon may be brought before courts of law; and
(b) determine which courts of law shall have jurisdiction to hear
particular disputes and complaints about infringements, and appeals
against decisions arising from such hearings.
(5) The hearings and appeals referred to in subsection (4) shall enjoy
precedence in the courts of law determined in accordance with that subsection.
(6) The Electoral Court may hear and determine any matter that relates to
the interpretation of any law referred to it by the Commission.
(7) The Electoral Court may investigate any allegation of misconduct,
incapacity or incompetence of a member of the Commission and make any
recommendation to a committee of the National Assembly referred to in section
7(3)(a)(ii).
(8) The Director-General: Justice shall provide the necessary
accommodation, administration and financial support for the Electoral Court.
CHAPTER 6
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Offences and penalties
21. (1) Any person commits an offence who-
(a) wilfully hinders or obstructs the Commission, the chief electoral
officer or a member of the staff of the Commission in the exercise of
its or his or her powers or in the performance of its or his or her
duties or functions;
(b) wilfully interrupts the proceedings of a meeting of the Commission or a
sitting of the Electoral Court or misbehaves in any other manner in the
place where such meeting or sitting is held;
(c) does anything calculated improperly to influence the Commission or that
Court in respect of any matter being or to be considered by the
Commission or that Court in connection with any decision or order.
(2) Any person convicted of any offence referred to in subsection (1), may
be sentenced to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding five
years.
Legal proceedings against Commission
22. (1) The State Liability Act, 1957 (Act No. 20 of 1957), applies with
the necessary changes in respect of the Commission.
(2) In such application a reference to a Minister of a department shall be
construed as a reference to the chairperson of the Commission.
Regulations
23. (1) The Commission may make regulations regarding-
(a) the time limits within and manner in which appeals may be noted or
decisions may be brought under review by the Commission in terms of this
Act;
(b) the compiling and maintaining of voters' rolls;
(c) the registration of parties in terms of this Act;
(d) the regulation of the conduct of all persons, parties and candidates in
so far as such conduct may promote or inhibit the conduct of a free and
fair election;
(e) any matter required or permitted to be prescribed in terms of this Act;
(f) the holding of a referendum declared under section 2; and
(g) generally, all matters which are necessary or expedient to be
prescribed in order to achieve the objects of this Act.
(2) A regulation may prescribe penalties for any contravention thereof, or
any failure to comply therewith, of a fine or imprisonment for a period not
exceeding two years.
(3) Any regulation which affects state expenditure, shall be made with the
concurrence of the Minister of Finance.
Repeal of laws, legal succession and transitional provision
24. (1) The laws mentioned in the Schedule are hereby repealed. (2) The
Commission is the successor in title to the Independent Electoral Commission
established by section 4 of the Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993
(Act No. 150 of 1993), and is empowered to control all electoral equipment
and material held by any organ of state in any sphere of government.
(3) The Special Electoral Court established by section 32 of the
Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993, shall, notwithstanding the repeal
of that Act by subsection (1), dispose of any matter pending before it as if
this Act had not been passed.
Short title and commencement
25. This Act shall be called the Electoral Commission Act, 1996, and shall
come into operation on a date fixed by the President by proclamation in the
Gazette.
SCHEDULE
LAWS REPEALED
________________________________________________________________________________
Number and year of law | Title
________________________|_______________________________________________________
Act 150 of 1993 |Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993
|
Act 193 of 1993 |Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 1993
|
Act 5 of 1994 |Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 1994
|
Proclamation 46 of 1994 |Independent Electoral Commission Amendment$
|Proclamation, 1994
________________________|_______________________________________________________